LARC
Toolkit
About this Document Version of the Toolkit
This toolkit contains resources and information that may be revised as evidence is updated or new tools we created to respond to identified needs. This is the most current version of the entire toolkit and individual components. To download a copy of this website, click here.
Authors
Abigail L. Reese, PhD, CNM, Lisa Hofler, MD, MPH, MBA, and Eve Espey, MD, MPH
New Mexico Perinatal Collaborative
The New Mexico Perinatal Collaborative (NMPC) is a nonprofit, multi-disciplinary coalition of stakeholders that seeks to improve the health of New Mexico women and children through the identification and sharing of best practices with perinatal care providers and hospitals around the state.
Table of Contents
Introduction
This toolkit is designed to help healthcare providers and hospitals to provide LARC methods during a hospitalization for childbirth. The NM Medicaid Program covering 72% of births in New Mexicoiii, issued policy guidance in 2013 allowing inpatient reimbursement for LARC devices (IUDs and implants) and insertion fees outside of the DRG payment for childbirth. All managed care organizations (MCOs) participating in Centennial Care were required to reimburse devices and insertion fees for LARC inserted during a post-delivery hospital stay. UNM Hospital took the lead by implementing system changes to stock devices on impatient units, train clinical staff, adjust automated billing processes, and update electronic medical record templates. Medicaid and the MCOs addressed inevitable glitches in the reimbursement process as they rose. Postpartum LARC proved to be popular among Medicaid-covered women delivering at UNMH. However, by 2016 it was clear that a concerted effort was needed to make postpartum LARC available at other NM hospitals, and the New Mexico Perinatal Collaborative (NMPC) designed this toolkit to support that effort.
What is LARC?

These methods provide the highest level of reversible protection against pregnancy. All are appropriate for women throughout the reproductive years, including adolescents, and all are appropriate for postpartum women who have received patient-centered counseling on risks and benefits. Up-to-date sources provide more detailed information on each option, including:
The United States Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016 (US MEC)
Why offer immediate postpartum LARC?
The U.S., rate of unintended pregnancy is 45%. New Mexico’s unintended pregnancy rate, last measured at 55% is among the highest in the countryiv. NM women face barriers to contraception access. The period immediately following birth is an excellent opportunity women who want to prevent or control the timing of a subsequent pregnancy. Forty to fifty-seven percent of women resume intercourse before a postpartum clinic visit, and many do not attend a postpartum visit at all.
70% of pregnancies within the first year postpartum are unintended. These short-interval pregnancies are an independent risk factor for preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes.
The American Congress of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends that hospitals and clinicians adopt strategies to promote access to immediate postpartum LARC. Committee Opinion #670v
Reproductive Autonomy
Our ultimate objective is to eliminate barriers to LARC access so that IUDs and implants become a readily accessible contraceptive option. Contraceptive access promotes reproductive autonomy for all women. LARC is different from other contraception because it requires clinician encounters to both place and remove IUDs or implants. We encourage all clinicians and administrators to consider the power dynamics inherent in this situation, especially considering histories of reproductive coercion disproportionately affecting communities of color and other marginalized groups of women. The NMPC has endorsed the LARC Statement of Principles articulated by the National Women’s Health Network and SisterSong. We encourage all providers to review this document and consider how to fully integrate these principles into their own LARC programs.
LARC Statement of Principles
LARC Removal:
Hospitals and clinicians should consider the issue of LARC removal alongside the development of a LARC program. Clinicians who place the immediate postpartum LARC must also offer access to removal within their own practice. Important considerations include:
- Counseling women on the right to determine the timing of LARC removal
- Information about where removals are offered
- Anticipated cost of removal
Satisfaction and continued use of a method is associated with the quality of contraceptive counseling received vi
How to use this toolkit
The implementation of a hospital-based LARC program requires collaboration among a range of departments and individuals who hold responsibility for different components of service delivery. Therefore, this toolkit is organized by roles as defined in the following Implementation Guide.
- Clinicians (physicians, lactation consultants, midwives, and nurses)
- Administrators/Finance Professionals
- Pharmacists
- Information Technology Professionals
Each role can identify and focus directly on the tools, resources, and guidance that is targeted to their own needs. Groups can explore how these components are framed for different roles and share resources with team members as needed. Some tools are relevant across roles, and some may be unique or useful primarily to a specific audience.
Remember that the most up-to-date electronic versions are available on this website.
Implementation Guide
The guide is intended to be flexible and adaptable based on local considerations. Hospitals may use this guide to anticipate and plan for each stage of implementation, but not every task will be necessary in every institution. This guide may also serve as a tool to assess progress at regular intervals. (PDF Version)
LARC Implementation: Step 1
Champion Role | Tasks (You Need One Overall Champion) | |
---|---|---|
Clinician Pharmacy Finance | Identify champions: Project champions should include individuals in a variety of clinical and administrate roles. It is critical to identify
Who will have a direct role in service provision and reimbursement. |
|
Clinician | Promote clinical evidence: Clinical leads must be prepared to share the evidence base for immediate postpartum LARC including:
(see Provider Research & Resources section of Toolkit.) |
|
Pharmacy Finance | Assure insurance participation: Educate team members that all Centennial Care MCOs and fee-for-service Medicaid reimburse for LARC outside of the DRG for childbirth. |
|
Pharmacy Finance | Confirm device cost & reimbursement rates: If needed for budgeting and planning purposes, obtain device cost information from the manufactures. Check NM Medicaid Portal for the most up-to-date reimbursement rates: http://www.hsd.state.nm.us/providers/fee-schedules.aspx |
|
Clinician Pharmacy | Confirm administrative buy-in: This will vary by hospital and leadership structure. Determine the need for administrative education, involvement, and on-going communication. |
|
Clinician Pharmacy Finance IT/EHR | Assemble immediate postpartum LARC team / Plan for ongoing communication or meetings: Ideally, identified clinical pharmacy, and finance champions, along with IT representation, will continue on as the IPP LARC team with assigned areas of responsibility. A plan for regular meetings or communication is needed to promote progress amid completing work demands. Consider what may be the most efficient process for your institution, including dedicated time within established service-level team meetings, or separate workgroup meetings. |
LARC Implementation: Step 2
Champion Role | Tasks (You Need One Overall Champion) |
---|---|
Clinician | |
Pharmacy |
|
Finance |
|
IT/EHR |
|
LARC Implementation: Step 3
Champion Role | Tasks (You Need One Overall Champion) |
---|---|
Clinician | |
Pharmacy | Pilot processes, consult Clinicians and IT, and evaluate need for change in:
|
Finance | Pilot processes, examine initial date on reimbursement, consult IT, and evaluate the need for change in:
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IT/EHR | Pilot processes, consult Clinician, Pharmacy, and Finance, and evaluate the need for change in:
|
Adapted from: Hofler, L. G., Cordes, S., Cwiak, C. A., Goedken, P., Jamieson, D. J., & Kottke, M. (2017). Implementing immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception programs. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 129(1), 3-9. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001798
For Individuals Considering LARC
It is critical that all women have access to up-to-date information that facilitates contraceptive decision-making in the service of full reproductive autonomy. LARC is not appropriate for or appealing to all women, but evidence from the Contraceptive Choice Project shows that LARC methods are popular and have high continuation rates when they are presented among the full range of contraceptive optionsvii. Specific resources that may be useful to women seeking information about LARC include:
- The Patient counseling resources listed under the For Clinicians heading
- Bedsider.org, Method Explorer: https://www.bedsider.org/methods
- The CDC’s My Reproductive Life Plan: https://www.cdc.gov/preconception/reproductiveplan.html
Women with private insurance who are considering immediate postpartum LARC should check their benefit plans to confirm that this service would be covered apart from coverage for childbirth. Coverage should be verified during the pregnancy as part of an exploration of all options.
For Clinicians
Clinicians are all the members of the multidisciplinary team that provides direct care and advocacy for women in the hospital, including nurses, physicians, midwives, and lactation consultants. They play a critical role as champions of the effort to establish a LARC program. Clinicians must advocate for IPP LARC as an evidence-based service to their patients. They must have a command of the clinical evidence of efficacy and safety, and the skill set needed to place and remove devices. All members of the clinical team are responsible for providing patient-centered counseling that includes LARC and must document these conversations and procedures in a way that facilitates continuity of care and proper reimbursement. The tools targeted to this audience include:
Clinical Training
- Job Aid: Insertion steps for post-placental IUD (2017)
- PowerPoint Presentation: Immediate Postpartum LARC: Post-placental IUDs (2017) – (PDF Version)
Evidence Summaries
- ACOG Committee Opinion #670: Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (2016)
- ASTHO Fact Sheet: Navigating the Research on Hormonal Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Breastfeeding (2016)
- The United States Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016 (US MEC)
- The Cochrane Library: Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception (2015)
Patient Counseling
- ASTHO Fact Sheet: Informed Consent and Ethical Considerations for Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (2016)
- NWHN/SisterSong Joint Statement of Principles on LARC (2016)
- Patient Handout Template: Immediate Postpartum Birth Control Implant (2017)
- Patient Handout Template: Immediate Postpartum IUD (2019)
- CDC Reproductive Life Plan Tool for Health Professionals (2014)
Templates, Supply Lists & Sample Protocols
For Administrators/
Finance Professionals
Hospital administrators authorize the development of a LARC program. They must understand the program’s value to the institution and to the community. Institutional finance professionals are responsible for implementing the NM Medicaid reimbursement policy through staff training and adjustment of automated billing systems. They will also need to track data and demonstrate successful reimbursement through claims-data monitoring. The tools for administrators and finance professionals specifically address NM Medicaid reimbursement policy and billing and coding guidance based on that policy, including:
These codes can be billed in addition to the inpatient hospital stay
Insertion of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives at time of an Inpatient Delivery Stay
For Medicaid recipients – including those eligible for pregnancy-related services only – family planning related services, drug items, supplies, and devices are all covered benefits. This includes the insertion of a long acting birth control device provided in a hospital setting within the delivery stay. The following codes can be billed in addition to the inpatient hospital stay and will be reimbursed at the lesser of the provider’s usual and customary charge or the New Mexico Medicaid fee schedule:
- J7300 – Intrauterine copper contraceptive device (e.g. Paragard)
- J7298 – Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive system, (mirena), 52mg
- J7307 – Etonogestrel (contraceptive) implant system including implant and supplies (e.g. Nexplanon)
- J7301 – Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Contraceptive System, (Skyla), 13.5 mg
- J7297 – Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Contraceptive System, (Liletta), 52 mg
- J7296 – Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Contraceptive System, (Kyleena), 19.5 mg
The exception to billing for the insertion is if the device is placed within the same surgery as a cesarean section, the insertion is considered incidental and the provider may only bill for the device.
For Hospital Pharmacists
Hospital Pharmacists play a critical role in the logistics of IPP LARC provision. They maintain responsibility for ordering and stocking devices through established processes that may need to be adjusted in order to accommodate LARC. Pharmacists must assure that IUDs are accessible to clinicians around the clock for post-placental placement at the time of birth. Contraceptive implant placement is less time-sensitive. Pharmacists must also understand the evidence supporting LARC safety and efficacy. The role of pharmacists is outlined in each step of the implementation guide. Specific resources that may be useful to pharmacists include:
- Evidence summaries listed under the For Clinicians heading
- State of New Mexico Medicaid Program Manual Supplement #13-05 content on inpatient
- LARC listed under For Administrators/Finance Professionals
For Information Technology Professionals
IT professionals play a critical role in supporting the work of every other department involved with IPP LARC provision. Every step from device ordering and stocking, to clinical documentation, to coding and billing will require IT involvement in order to capture and communicate necessary information between departments and with outside vendors and payers. The role of IT professionals is outlined in each step of the implementation guide. Specific resources that may be useful to IT professionals include:
- Clinical documentation templates for post-placental IUD insertion and implant insertion listed under the For Clinicians heading
- The impatient LARC coding and troubleshooting guides listed under For Administrators/ Finance Professionals
Lessons Learned to Date
While our experience is far from complete, our work with partner hospitals to implement IPP LARC programs has yielded some important lessons. We continue to refine our guidance, tools, and technical assistance. Click on each lesson for details on what we have learned.
References
i Hofler, L. G., Cordes, S., Cwiak, C. A., Goedken, P., Jamieson, D. J., & Kottke, M. (2017). Implementing immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception programs. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 129(1), 3-9. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001798
ii Heberlein, E., Billings, D.L., Mattison-Faye, A. & Giese, BZ(M). (2016). The South Carolina Postpartum LARC Toolkit. Choose Well Initiative & the South Carolina Birth Outcomes Initiative.
iii Vernon K. Smith, Kathleen Gifford, Eileen Ellis, and Barbara Edwards, Health Management Associates; and Robin Rudowitz, Elizabeth Hinton, Larisa Antonisse & Allison Valentine, Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Implementing Coverage and Payment Initiatives: Results from a 50-State Medicaid Budget Survey for State Fiscal Years 2016 and 2017, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, October 2016.
iv Kost K, Unintended Pregnancy Rates at the State Level: Estimates for 2010 and Trends Since 2002, New York: Guttmacher Institute, 2015,
v ACOG (2016). Committee Opinion #670: Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception.
vi Dehlendorf, C., Henderson, J. T., Vittinghoff, E., Grumbach, K., Levy, K., Schmittdiel, J., … & Steinauer, J. (2016). Association of the quality of interpersonal care during family planning counseling with contraceptive use. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 215(1), 78-e1.
vii Birgisson, N. E., Zhao, Q., Secura, G. M., Madden, T., & Peipert, J. F. (2015). Preventing Unintended Pregnancy: The Contraceptive CHOICE Project in Review. Journal of Women’s Health, 24(5), 349–353. http://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5191
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank a number of individuals and agencies that made this toolkit possible. First and foremost, we owe a debt of gratitude to the physicians, midwives, and nurses who provide care to childbearing women in hospitals throughout New Mexico. We appreciate the willingness of clinicians to engage with us to consider what it would take to offer postpartum LARC, and to provide the advocacy necessary to make needed systems changes occur. In particular, we want to acknowledge Gail Stamler, CNM, Beatris Barrera, MD, Megan Henry, MD and Jennifer Jaggi, MD for their leadership. Erica Archuleta, NM Human Services Department, has been an essential partner within the NM Medicaid Program. Erica provided the institutional accountability around reimbursement that has made it possible to engage hospitals, and without that support, there would have been no need for a toolkit at all! April Neri, RN, Nurse Consultant for the NM Family Planning Program designed a protocol for NM Title X clinics that provided a useful template for some of the tools. April also coordinated our Contraceptive Access Learning Community State Team. Valuable support and technical assistance was provided to the state team by the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) http://astho.org/Programs/Maternal-and-Child-Health/Long-Acting-Reversible-Contraception-LARC/. This toolkit, although designed for NM community hospitals, owes a significant debt to toolkits designed by the Georgia Perinatal Quality Collaborative (GPQC)[i] and by Choose Well SC and the South Carolina Birth Outcomes Initiative[ii]. The development and deployment of this toolkit has been funded by a generous grant from the National Institute for Reproductive Health (NIRH).